What Day Is It? Telling Time, Days of the Week, and Months in Japanese (A1)
Ever looked at a Japanese message like「土曜日の午後3時に会いましょう」and thought… wait, what day and when? Today we’ll make that easy. You’ll learn the days of the week, how months work, and simple time phrases so you can understand schedules and make plans confidently.
Days of the week (〜曜日)
In Japanese, the days of the week all end with 曜日(ようび). Here are the seven:
- 月曜日(げつようび)Monday
- 火曜日(かようび)Tuesday
- 水曜日(すいようび)Wednesday
- 木曜日(もくようび)Thursday
- 金曜日(きんようび)Friday
- 土曜日(どようび)Saturday
- 日曜日(にちようび)Sunday
Tip: Many calendars abbreviate them as 月・火・水・木・金・土・日. You’ll see these a lot on timetables and schedules.
土曜日映画を見ます。
Months (number + 月)
Months in Japanese are simple: number + 月(がつ). Watch a few reading changes:
- 1月(いちがつ)January
- 2月(にがつ)February
- 3月(さんがつ)March
- 4月(しがつ)April (not よんがつ)
- 5月(ごがつ)May
- 6月(ろくがつ)June
- 7月(しちがつ)July (not なながつ)
- 8月(はちがつ)August
- 9月(くがつ)September (not きゅうがつ)
- 10月(じゅうがつ)October
- 11月(じゅういちがつ)November
- 12月(じゅうにがつ)December
This pattern makes months easy to say and hear in plans.
Telling time: hours, AM/PM, and half hours
For basic times, focus on hours first:
- 〜時(じ) = o’clock. 3時(さんじ) = 3 o’clock.
- 半(はん) = half past. 3時半(さんじはん) = 3:30.
- 午前(ごぜん) = AM, 午後(ごご) = PM.
Common question: 今何時ですか。(いま なんじ です か) = What time is it now?
会議は午後時です。
Start with the time, then the object, then the verb.
Cultural notes
- 24-hour time is common in Japan, especially in timetables (e.g., 15:30). In conversation, both 12-hour with 午前/午後 and 24-hour are understood.
- You’ll often see weekdays written as 月〜金 (Monday to Friday) and 土・日 for the weekend.
- Many paper calendars in Japan start on Sunday (日). Some workplace calendars start on Monday. Be ready for either.
Practice: mix it up
Try saying these aloud:
- 「明日は金曜日です。」It’s Friday tomorrow.
- 「4月に日本へ行きます。」I’m going to Japan in April.
- 「午後7時半に晩ごはんを食べます。」I eat dinner at 7:30 p.m.
Make your own plan: Choose a day + month + time. For example: 「7月の土曜日に、午後3時に映画を見ます。」
水曜日のに日本語のクラスがあります。
Wrap-up
You learned:
- All seven weekdays with 曜日, and how to use に for plans.
- Months as number + 月, including special readings (4, 7, 9).
- Basic time phrases with 時, 半, 午前/午後, and the key question 今何時ですか。
Keep noticing these on signs, apps, and calendars. With practice, planning in Japanese will feel natural. 次は、日付(dates)や分(minutes)にも挑戦しましょう! がんばって!