Everyday Japanese Adjectives: i-adjectives and na-adjectives (い形容詞・な形容詞) Made Easy
Want to say “the café is quiet,” “the movie was interesting,” or “today is hot”? Japanese adjectives make everyday descriptions easy—once you know the two families: i-adjectives (〜い) and na-adjectives (〜な). In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use both confidently, form negatives and past, and smoothly link adjectives. Let’s get you sounding natural in daily Japanese.
Meet i-adjectives (い形容詞)
i-adjectives end in い and can stand alone with です (for politeness) or sit directly before a noun. Common examples: おもしろい (interesting), あつい (hot), やすい (cheap).
今日は です。
その映画はおもしろ です。
Meet na-adjectives (な形容詞)
na-adjectives don’t end in い (though some do sound like they do—see the tip below). When they modify nouns, they need な. As predicates, they pair with です for politeness.
静か 図書館で勉強します。
Linking adjectives: “and” between descriptions
You often want to say “cheap and tasty” or “quiet and clean.” Japanese links i-adjectives with 〜くて, and na-adjectives with 〜で.
Start with このレストランは …
昨日の天気は寒 です。
Mini conversation practice
Put the lines in the right order to form a natural exchange using adjectives.
Quick quiz: i or na? Forms and usage
Choose the best answer.
Cultural note: Compliments and politeness
- In casual talk, adjectives can stand alone: きれい!おもしろい! But with strangers or in polite situations, add です or ですね: きれいですね。おもしろいですね。
- 元気 is a super common na-adjective in greetings: お元気ですか (How are you?). Answer with 元気です or まあまあです (so-so).
- Compliments like すてきですね (That’s lovely) are friendly and polite. かわいい (cute) vs. きれい (pretty/clean) feel different; choose based on context and relationship.
Summary: Your adjective toolkit
- i-adjectives end in い, modify nouns directly, and use 〜くない/〜かった forms.
- na-adjectives use な before nouns and 〜じゃない/〜でした forms.
- Link i-adjectives with 〜くて and na-adjectives with 〜で.
Keep practicing with things around you:
- 天気は?今日はあついですか、さむいですか。
- あなたの部屋は?しずかですか、きれいですか。
- 好きな店は?やすくて、おいしいですか。
You’ve got this—start mixing i and na-adjectives in your daily talk, and your Japanese will feel much more natural!