German Word Order Made Easy: V2, Time–Manner–Place, and Subordinate Clauses (A2)
German sentences can feel like puzzles—but with a few clear rules, the pieces snap into place. In this lesson, you’ll learn the core word order patterns German actually uses in everyday life: verb-second in main clauses, the Time–Manner–Place order, questions, common subordinating conjunctions (weil, dass, wenn), where to put nicht and kein, and what happens with separable verbs and modals. Practice as you go!
1) The golden rule: Verb in second position (V2)
In German main clauses, the conjugated verb goes in position two. Position one can be the subject—or another element like time or place. After position one, the verb comes, and then the rest.
- Subject first:
- Time first (inversion):
Start with a time word. Remember: the verb must be in position 2.
2) Time–Manner–Place (TMP)
German prefers this order for details after the verb: Time → Manner (how, with what) → Place.
- Ich fahre morgen mit dem Bus nach Berlin. (Time: morgen → Manner: mit dem Bus → Place: nach Berlin)
- Wir arbeiten heute zu Hause. (Time → Place)
If you put the time in position 1, remember inversion: Heute arbeiten wir zu Hause.
3) Questions: Yes/No and W-questions
- Yes/No questions: the verb is first.
- W-questions (Wann? Wo? Wie? Warum? Was? Wer?): the question word is first, the verb is second.
du heute Zeit?
Cultural note: In casual speech, Germans often use short question words like "Na, kommst du?" or add a friendly tag "oder?" at the end: "Du kommst, oder?" Keep your V2 or V1 structure clear, and you’ll be understood.
4) Subordinate clauses: weil, dass, wenn
Subordinate clauses push the conjugated verb to the end of that clause. Common conjunctions:
- weil (because)
- dass (that)
- wenn (if/when)
Use a comma before the subordinate clause. If the subordinate clause comes first, the main clause that follows uses inversion (verb second, so the subject may come after the verb).
Tip: Deshalb is a connector (an adverb), not a conjunction. It starts a new main clause and triggers inversion: Deshalb nehme ich den Bus (verb is second).
5) Negation: nicht vs. kein
Use kein to negate a noun with no article or with an ein- word:
- Ich habe kein Auto. (not: Ich habe nicht ein Auto.)
- Sie ist keine Lehrerin.
Use nicht to negate verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, or to negate the whole sentence:
- Er arbeitet heute nicht. (negating the verb/action)
- Das ist nicht teuer. (adjective)
- Wir gehen heute nicht ins Kino. (negating the place or the whole plan)
Position rule of thumb: nicht goes before the element it negates. If you negate the entire statement, nicht often stands near the end: Ich gehe heute nicht.
Ich habe Auto.
Wir gehen heute ins Schwimmbad.
Heute ich gehe ins Kino. → Heute gehe ich ins Kino. If a time word is first, the verb must be second (inversion). Ich habe nicht ein Auto. → Ich habe kein Auto. Use kein to negate a noun without a definite article. Ich glaube, er kommt nicht, weil er ist müde. → Ich glaube, dass er nicht kommt, weil er müde ist. In subordinate clauses (dass/weil), the verb goes to the end.6) Separable verbs and modal verbs
Some verbs are separable (trennbar). The prefix splits off in main clauses and goes to the end, while the conjugated part stays in position 2.
- anrufen → Ich rufe dich heute Abend an.
- aufstehen → Ich stehe um 6 Uhr auf.
With modal verbs (müssen, können, wollen, dürfen, sollen, mögen), the modal is conjugated and sits in V2; the main verb goes to the end in the infinitive:
- Ich muss heute früh aufstehen.
- Wir können später telefonieren.
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| ich | geh-e |
| du | geh-st |
| er/sie/es | geh-t |
| wir | geh-en |
| ihr | geh-t |
| sie/Sie | geh-en |
Notice how the separable prefix an goes to the end in main clauses. In subordinate clauses, the conjugated verb moves to the end and the prefix stays attached: … weil ich dich morgen anrufe.
Quick summary
- Main clauses: Verb in position 2 (V2). If something else is first, invert subject and verb.
- Details after the verb follow TMP: Time → Manner → Place.
- Yes/No questions: Verb first. W-questions: W-word first, verb second.
- Subordinate clauses (weil, dass, wenn): comma + verb at the end. If the subordinate clause comes first, the main clause still keeps V2 with inversion.
- Negation: kein for nouns without definite article; nicht for verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and whole-sentence negation.
- Separable verbs: prefix at the end in main clauses; with modals, the modal is conjugated and the main verb is at the end in infinitive.
Keep practicing these patterns, and German sentences will start to feel natural. Du schaffst das! 🎉